The ultra-wide bandwidth outdoor channel: From measurement campaign to statistical modelling

This paper proposes an investigation of propagation behaviour of Ultra–Wide Bandwidth (UWB) signals in outdoor environments. Specifically, we first report on the results of an extensive measurement campaign that we have carried out in three selected scenarios, namely “forest”, “hilly” and “sub– urban” environments. Then, we present the statistical model that we have derived after post–processing of collected samples by the CLEAN algorithm. While an extensive collection of results is provided in the paper, the main achievements can be summarized as follows: i) the path–loss exponent varies from 2 to 3.5 and depends on the height of transmission and reception equipments with respect to the ground floor, ii) the local mean experiences a Log–Normal shadowing with a standard deviation that may depend on the azimuth position, iii) the statistics of the first received echo in the small–scale analysis follow a Log-Normal distribution as well; iv) the delay spread in the small–scale multipath scenario results to be quite small (i.e. roughly 10ns in the forest scenario).